Textbook
Lebl, Jiří. Basic Analysis I: Introduction to Real Analysis, Volume 1. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2018. ISBN: 9781718862401.
[JL] = Basic Analysis: Introduction to Real Analysis (Vol. 1) (PDF - 2.2MB) by Jiří Lebl, June 2021 (used with permission)
This book is available as a free PDF download. You can purchase a paper copy by following a link at the same site.
Lecture Notes
The lecture notes were prepared by Paige Dote under the guidance of Dr. Rodriguez.
Dr. Rodriguez’s Fall 2020 lecture notes in one file:
- Real Analysis (PDF)
- Real Analysis (ZIP) LaTeX source files
Week 1
Reading: [JL] Section 0.3
Lecture 1: Sets, Set Operations, and Mathematical Induction (PDF)
Lecture 1: Sets, Set Operations, and Mathematical Induction (TEX)
- Sets and their operations (union, intersection, complement, DeMorgan’s laws),
- The well-ordering principle of the natural numbers,
- The theorem of mathematical induction and applications.
Lecture 2: Cantor’s Theory of Cardinality (Size) (PDF)
Lecture 2: Cantor’s Theory of Cardinality (Size) (TEX)
- Injective, surjective and bijective functions,
- Cantor’s theory of the cardinality (size) of sets,
- Countable sets and the cardinality of the power set compared to the cardinality of the original set.
Week 2
Reading: [JL] Sections 1.1 and 1.2
- Cantor’s theorem about the cardinality of the power set of a set,
- Ordered sets and the least upper bound property,
- The fact that the rationals do not have the least upper bound property.
Lecture 4: The Characterization of the Real Numbers (PDF)
Lecture 4: The Characterization of the Real Numbers (TEX)
- Fields, ordered fields and examples,
- The fact that the real numbers are characterized as the unique ordered field with the least upper bound property.
Week 3
Reading: [JL] Sections 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, and 2.1
Lecture 5: The Archimedian Property, Density of the Rationals, and Absolute Value (PDF)
Lecture 5: The Archimedian Property, Density of the Rationals, and Absolute Value (TEX)
- The Archimedean property of the real numbers,
- The density of the rational numbers,
- Using sup/inf’s and the absolute value.
Lecture 6: The Uncountabality of the Real Numbers (PDF)
Lecture 6: The Uncountabality of the Real Numbers (TEX)
- The triangle inequality,
- Decimal representations and the uncountability of the real numbers,
- The definition of sequences of real numbers and convergence of sequences.
Week 4
Reading: [JL] Sections 2.1 and 2.2
Lecture 7: Convergent Sequences of Real Numbers (PDF)
Lecture 7: Convergent Sequences of Real Numbers (TEX)
- Monotone sequences and when they have a limit,
- Subsequences.
Lecture 8: The Squeeze Theorem and Operations Involving Convergent Sequences (PDF)
Lecture 8: The Squeeze Theorem and Operations Involving Convergent Sequences (TEX)
- The Squeeze Theorem,
- The relations between limits and order, algebraic operations and the absolute value on the set of real numbers.
Week 5
Reading: [JL] Sections 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, and 2.5
Lecture 9: Limsup, Liminf, and the Bolzano-Weierstrass Theorem (PDF)
Lecture 9: Limsup, Liminf, and the Bolzano-Weierstrass Theorem (TEX)
- The limsup and liminf of a bounded sequence,
- The Bolzano-Weierstrass Theorem.
Lecture 10: The Completeness of the Real Numbers and Basic Properties of Infinite Series (PDF)
Lecture 10: The Completeness of the Real Numbers and Basic Properties of Infinite Series (TEX)
- Cauchy sequences,
- The definition of convergent series and Cauchy series and some basic properties.
Week 6
Reading: [JL] Sections 2.5 and 2.6
Lecture 11: Absolute Convergence and the Comparison Test for Series (PDF)
Lecture 11: Absolute Convergence and the Comparison Test for Series (TEX)
- Absolute convergence,
- The comparison test,
- p-series.
Lecture 12: The Ratio, Root, and Alternating Series Tests (PDF)
Lecture 12: The Ratio, Root, and Alternating Series Tests (TEX)
- The ratio test,
- The root test,
- Alternating series.
Week 7
Reading: [JL] Section 3.1
Lecture 13: Limits of Functions (PDF)
Lecture 13: Limits of Functions (TEX)
- Cluster points,
- Limits of functions,
- The relationship between limits of functions and limits of sequences.
Week 8
Reading: [JL] Sections 3.1 and 3.2
Lecture 14: Limits of Functions in Terms of Sequences and Continuity (PDF)
Lecture 14: Limits of Functions in Terms of Sequences and Continuity (TEX)
- The characterization of limits of functions in terms of limits of sequences and applications,
- One-sided limits,
- The definition of continuity.
- The characterization of continuity in terms of limits of sequences and applications,
- The continuity of sin(x) and cos(x),
- A function which is discontinuous at every point of the real number line.
Week 9
Reading: [JL] Sections 3.3, 3.4, and 4.1
Lecture 16: The Min/Max Theorem and Bolzano’s Intermediate Value Theorem (PDF)
Lecture 16: The Min/Max Theorem and Bolzano’s Intermediate Value Theorem (TEX)
- The min/max theorem for continuous functions on a closed and bounded interval [a,b],
- The bisection method and Bolzano’s intermediate value theorem.
Lecture 17: Uniform Continuity and the Definition of the Derivative (PDF)
Lecture 17: Uniform Continuity and the Definition of the Derivative (TEX)
- The definition of uniform continuity,
- The equivalence of continuity and uniform continuity for functions on a closed and bounded interval [a,b],
- The definition of the derivative.
Week 10
Reading: [JL] Sections 4.1 and 4.2
Lecture 18: Weierstrass’s Example of a Continuous and Nowhere Differentiable Function (PDF)
Lecture 18: Weierstrass’s Example of a Continuous and Nowhere Differentiable Function (TEX)
- Differentiability at c implies continuity at c (but not the converse),
- Weierstrass’s construction of a continuous nowhere differentiable function.
Lecture 19: Differentiation Rules, Rolle’s Theorem, and the Mean Value Theorem (PDF)
Lecture 19: Differentiation Rules, Rolle’s Theorem, and the Mean Value Theorem (TEX)
- The linearity and various “rules” for the derivative,
- Relative minima and maxima,
- Rolle’s theorem and the mean value theorem.
Week 11
Reading: [JL] Section 4.3
Lecture 20: Taylor’s Theorem and the Definition of Riemann Sums (PDF)
Lecture 20: Taylor’s Theorem and the Definition of Riemann Sums (TEX)
- Taylor’s theorem,
- Motivation for the Riemann integral,
- Partitions, tags and Riemann sums.
Lecture 21: The Riemann Integral of a Continuous Function (PDF)
Lecture 21: The Riemann Integral of a Continuous Function (TEX)
- The definition and proof of existence of the Riemann integral for a continuous function on a closed and bounded interval,
- The linearity of the Riemann interval.
Week 12
Reading: [JL] Section 6.1
- The additive property and inequalities for Riemann integrals,
- The fundamental theorem of calculus,
- Integration by parts and the change of variables formula.
Lecture 23: Pointwise and Uniform Convergence of Sequences of Functions (PDF)
Lecture 23: Pointwise and Uniform Convergence of Sequences of Functions (TEX)
- The Riemann-Lebesgue lemma for Fourier coefficients (as an application of integration by parts),
- The definitions of pointwise convergence and uniform convergence of sequences of functions.
Week 13
Reading: [JL] Sections 6.1 and 6.2
Lecture 24: Uniform Convergence, the Weierstrass M-Test, and Interchanging Limits (PDF)
Lecture 24: Uniform Convergence, the Weierstrass M-Test, and Interchanging Limits (TEX)
- Uniform convergence implies pointwise convergence for a sequence of functions but not the converse,
- The interchange of limits,
- The Weierstrass M-test.
Lecture 25: Power Series and the Weierstrass Approximation Theorem (PDF)
Lecture 25: Power Series and the Weierstrass Approximation Theorem (TEX)
- Uniform convergence and the interchange of limits for power series,
- The Weierstrass approximation theorem for continuous functions.
